6. ____ right was removed from the fundamental Rights by the 44^th Amendment.
(a) Right to own (or) sell property                           (b) Right to freedom of religion
(c) Child labor and right against exploitation     (d) None of the above

II. Assertion and Reason:

1. Which of the following statements are true?
(i) The state Human Rights Commission was established in 1993.
(ii) It has the power of a civil court.
(iii) Its power extends beyond the state.
(iv) It can also recommend compensation to victims.
(a) (i) and (ii) are true
(b) (i) and (iii) are true
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) are true
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are true

2. Consider the following statements.
Assertions (A): Rights and duties are the two sides of the same coin.
Reason (R): We have a right to freedom of religion. We have to promote harmony and the spirit of the people of other religions.
(a) both A and R are correct and R explains A
(b) both A and R are correct but R does not explain A
(c) A is correct but R is false
(d) A is false but R is correct
Answer:
(a) both A and R are correct and R explains A

III. Fill in the blanks.

1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted on ……….
2. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Contains …….. articles.
3. The Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Constitution by ……… Amendment Act.
4. The National Human Rights Commission was established on ………..
5. ……… act came into effect on 1st April 2010.
6. Indian state to implement women ancestral property Act in 1989 was ………..
7. The Civil Rights movement in the United State was initiated by ……….

Answers:

1. 10^th December 1948
2. 30
3. 42^nd
4. 12^th October 1993
5. Right to Education
6. Hindu Succession Act
7. Rosa Parks

IV. Match the following:

1. Right to Vote   – (a) Cultural Rights
2. Right to form a union – (b) Right against exploitation
3. Right to preserve tradition – (c) Political Rights
4. The Hindu Succession Act – (d) Right to freedom
5. Child labour    – (e) 2005

Answers:
1. (c)
2. (e)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (d)

IV. Give short answers.

1. What is Human Rights?
Answer:
The U.N.O defines Human rights as “The right inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Everyone is entitled to these rights without discrimination.”

2. What are the fundamental rights?
Answer:

• Right to Equality
• Right to Freedom
• Right against Exploitation
• Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion
• Cultural and Educational Rights for minorities
• Right to Constitutional Remedies

3. What are the Child Rights defined by the UNO?
Answer:
The UNO adopted the Rights of the child on 20th November 1989. They are

1. Right to life
2. Right to the family environment
3. Right to Education
4. Right to benefit from Social security
5. Right against sexual exploitation
6. Right against sale or trafficking
7. Right against other forms of exploitation like Child labour.

4. Write a short note on the Right to Constitutional Remedies.
Answer:
Fundamental Rights are guaranteed by the Constitution. By this right, a person can adopt Constitutional means and approach a court if he is denied the Fundamental Rights. The court then issues orders which are called ‘Writs’ to the government to restore the rights to the citizen. The Constitutional Remedies put to right anything which may be wrong in terms of the Constitution. This right, therefore, protects and safeguards all other rights.

5. Define: POCSO
Answer:

1. POCSO is the Right against sexual exploitation.
2. The state should protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse when they are forced or persuaded to take part in Sexual activities physically or mentally.
3. POCSO Act – Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act was passed in 2012.
4. It regards the best interest of the child as being of paramount importance at every stage.

6. Why do children need special attention?
Answer:

1. Children are considered to be future citizens and an asset to a nation.
2. They should be brought up with warmth and by nurturing their interest.
3. The children when loved and appreciated, realizes their value.
4. This makes the child feel secured and develops self-esteem.
5. Eventually, the child is ready to face challenges in life with a positive attitude.

7. What are the contributions to labourers by B.R. Ambedkar?
Answer:
Dr.B.R. Ambedkar’s contribution to labourers.

1. Reduction in Factory Working Hours (8 hours a day)
2. Compulsory Recognition of Trade Unions
3. Employment Exchange in India
4. Employees State Insurance (ESI)
5. Minimum Wages
6. Coal and Mica Mines Provident Fund

8. ‘All are equal before the law’. But we have enacted a separate law for women – Justify.
Answer:

1. The National Commission for Women (NCW) is constituted in India to review the Constitutional and legal safeguards for women.
2. Recommends remedial measures.
3. Advises the government on all matters of policy affecting the welfare and development of women in the country.
4. Women’s rights under the Constitution of India mainly include equality, dignity, and freedom from discrimination.

9. Write about the Right against exploitation.
Answer:
(a) Right against exploitation is a fundamental right for every citizen.

(b) It is against the law to employ children below 14 years of age in mines, factories or other occupations. Neither contractor nor an employer can force a worker to do a job against their will.

(c) Children are subjected to sale or trafficking for various reasons – economic exploitation, sexual exploitation, sexual abuse, drug trafficking, and child labour.

(d) The state should protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse when they are forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities physically or mentally.

10. Differentiate Fundamental Rights and Human Rights.
Answer:

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